Chemistry » Gases » Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances, Mixtures, and Reactions

# Summarizing Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances, Mixtures, and Reactions

## Key Concepts and Summary

The ideal gas law can be used to derive a number of convenient equations relating directly measured quantities to properties of interest for gaseous substances and mixtures. Appropriate rearrangement of the ideal gas equation may be made to permit the calculation of gas densities and molar masses. Dalton’s law of partial pressures may be used to relate measured gas pressures for gaseous mixtures to their compositions. Avogadro’s law may be used in stoichiometric computations for chemical reactions involving gaseous reactants or products.

## Key Equations

• PTotal = PA + PB + PC + … = ƩiPi
• PA = XA PTotal
• $${X}_{A}=\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\frac{{n}_{A}}{{n}_{Total}}$$

## Glossary

### Dalton’s law of partial pressures

total pressure of a mixture of ideal gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases.

### mole fraction (X)

concentration unit defined as the ratio of the molar amount of a mixture component to the total number of moles of all mixture components

### partial pressure

pressure exerted by an individual gas in a mixture

### vapor pressure of water

pressure exerted by water vapor in equilibrium with liquid water in a closed container at a specific temperature