Practice Questions
- What is the difference between civil rights and civil liberties?
Glossary
black codes: laws passed immediately after the Civil War that discriminated against freed slaves and other blacks and deprived them of their rights
equal protection clause: a provision of the Fourteenth Amendment that requires the states to treat all residents equally under the law
intermediate scrutiny: the standard used by the courts to decide cases of discrimination based on gender and sex; burden of proof is on the government to demonstrate an important governmental interest is at stake in treating men differently from women
rational basis test: the standard used by the courts to decide most forms of discrimination; the burden of proof is on those challenging the law or action to demonstrate there is no good reason for treating them differently from other citizens
strict scrutiny: the standard used by the courts to decide cases of discrimination based on race, ethnicity, national origin, or religion; burden of proof is on the government to demonstrate a compelling governmental interest is at stake and no alternative means are available to accomplish its goals